NVRAM Startup configuration is saved in it. NVRAM (nonvolatile RAM), is used to store the router's startup configuration file. It does not lose data when power is switched off. So the contents of the startup configuration file are maintained even when you switch off or restart the router. Routers Modes Ø User Mode – router > Ø Privileged Exec Mode -- Router # Ø Global configuration Mode – Router (config) # Ø Interface Mode -- router (Config-if)# Ø Software used for labs “ Cisco packet tracer ” Diffrent commands like IP assigning , configuration , saving configuration were discussed Ø All commands are in slides